Key Concepts and Camera Movement
180' Rule: An imaginary line called the axis connects both of the characters together, and keeping the camera on one side of the axis on every shot in the scene. The first character is
always frame right of the second character, who is always then frame left of the first.
The 180' degree rules states that you can place the camera anywhere along the 180' degrees of
one side of the axis and maintain consistency of screen direction.
This means that you should not cross the 'Axis of Action' or the imaginary line that follows the
main subjects action.
Match on Action: Match on Action appertains to film editing and video editing techniques where
the editor cuts from one shot into another perspective that matches the first shots action. An
example would be, as if a man tried to close a door; the first shot would be of his hand making
contact with the door as if he's trying to close it, then the second shot would be the final
shot, which will be on the opposite side showing the door closed etc. However you can have more
then one or two shots.
Here's a second example that can subserve you to visualize:
Shot, Reverse, Shot: Shot, reverse, shot is a film technique that may be used show a conversation in a scene; one subject is shown looking at another subject and then the other subject is shown looking back.
Here is an example:
However, because both characters are facing opposite directions , so the audience/viewer automatically assumes they're looking at each-other; this technique utilises the 180' degrees rule. Shot, reverse, shot is used to deemphasise transitions to the point that the viewer can interpret the scene
linearly,chronologically and logically.
Panning Shot: The basic idea behind panning as a technique, is that you pan your camera along in time with the moving subject and end up getting a relatively sharp subject but a blurred background; this works by the camera pivotting.
For example, here's a picture with the panning technique in use:
This gives the shot a feeling of movement and speed. It’s particularly useful in capturing any fast moving subject whether it be a racing car, running pet, cyclist etc.
Tilt: Moving the cameras lens up or down while keeping its horizontal axis constant. Nod your head up and down - this is tilting. Tilting is less common than panning because that's the way humans work — we look left and right more often than we look up and down. This image helps us visualize what the camera does in this shot for the tilt to be effective:
Zoom: Zooming is one camera move that most people are probably familiar with. It involves changing the focal length of the lens to make the subject appear closer or further away in the frame. Most video cameras today have built-in zoom features. Some have manual zooms as well, and many have several zoom speeds. Zooming is one of the most frequently-used camera moves and one of the most overused.
Handheld Shooting: Sometimes the action is moving too quickly or too unpredictably for the camera to be on a tripod. This calls for making the camera more mobile and able to follow the action of a scene. Most times the camera will simply be held by the operator, who will then employ a number of basic camera moves by moving the feet - trucking in and out, dollying in one direction or another, tilting, panning, zooming - and combinations of all of these.
The 180' degree rules states that you can place the camera anywhere along the 180' degrees of
one side of the axis and maintain consistency of screen direction.
This means that you should not cross the 'Axis of Action' or the imaginary line that follows the
main subjects action.
Match on Action: Match on Action appertains to film editing and video editing techniques where
the editor cuts from one shot into another perspective that matches the first shots action. An
example would be, as if a man tried to close a door; the first shot would be of his hand making
contact with the door as if he's trying to close it, then the second shot would be the final
shot, which will be on the opposite side showing the door closed etc. However you can have more
then one or two shots.
Here's a second example that can subserve you to visualize:
Shot, Reverse, Shot: Shot, reverse, shot is a film technique that may be used show a conversation in a scene; one subject is shown looking at another subject and then the other subject is shown looking back.
Here is an example:
However, because both characters are facing opposite directions , so the audience/viewer automatically assumes they're looking at each-other; this technique utilises the 180' degrees rule. Shot, reverse, shot is used to deemphasise transitions to the point that the viewer can interpret the scene
linearly,chronologically and logically.
Panning Shot: The basic idea behind panning as a technique, is that you pan your camera along in time with the moving subject and end up getting a relatively sharp subject but a blurred background; this works by the camera pivotting.
For example, here's a picture with the panning technique in use:
This gives the shot a feeling of movement and speed. It’s particularly useful in capturing any fast moving subject whether it be a racing car, running pet, cyclist etc.
Tilt: Moving the cameras lens up or down while keeping its horizontal axis constant. Nod your head up and down - this is tilting. Tilting is less common than panning because that's the way humans work — we look left and right more often than we look up and down. This image helps us visualize what the camera does in this shot for the tilt to be effective:
Zoom: Zooming is one camera move that most people are probably familiar with. It involves changing the focal length of the lens to make the subject appear closer or further away in the frame. Most video cameras today have built-in zoom features. Some have manual zooms as well, and many have several zoom speeds. Zooming is one of the most frequently-used camera moves and one of the most overused.
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